Euro Area
Euro Area
Real Gross Domestic Product
Euro Area Gross Domestic Product, chained 2010 prices, 12-month % change, SA, updates quarterly
Real Gross Domestic Product measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced in the economy. It comprises private consumption and investment, inventory buildup, government spending and net exports. Markets watch this indicator to gauge the strength and composition of growth.
Euro Area
Unemployment Rate
Euro Area Unemployment Rate, All Persons, %, SA, Updates Monthly
The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the labor force currently not working but actively seeking employment. Markets monitor the unemployment rate to assess the cyclical health of the economy and the likelihood that wage demands may increase inflationary pressures.
Euro Area
Consumer Price Index
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, All Items, Core (All Items excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco), annual change, %, SA, updates monthly
The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices is a measure of the change over time in the average prices paid by consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. It is calculated using the same methodology across members of the European Union. As the most widely used measure of inflation, changes in the index are closely followed by policymakers, financial markets, businesses, and consumers. Eurostat reports both an ‘All Items’ number that includes all categories in the calculation basket, and a ‘Core’ number that strips out highly volatile energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco prices.
Euro Area
Trade Balance
Goods trade balance, billions EUR, seasonally and working day adjusted, updates monthly
Measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods were exported than imported – generating a trade surplus – and a negative number indicates a deficit. Trade imbalances may reflect fleeting differences in growth rates or more permanent factors in the composition of growth or the endowment and price of natural resources.
Euro Area
Key Policy Rates
Main Refinancing Operations, Marginal Lending Facility, Deposit Facility Rates, %, updates daily
The European Central Bank targets three rates to influence monetary variables in the economy: the Main Refinancing Operations rate which helps determine the cost of liquidity in the banking system, the Deposit Facility rate, at which banks make overnight deposits within the Eurosystem, and the Marginal Lending Facility rate, which determines the cost of overnight credit to banks in the Eurosystem. The Bank reviews its policy rates every six weeks.
Euro Area
Money Supply Growth
M3 Money Supply, adjusted loans to households, adjusted loans to non-financial corporations, 12-month % change, NSA, updates monthly
M3 Money Supply is a measure of currency that includes cash, checking deposits, non-cash assets that can easily be converted into cash, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, and debt securities with a maturity of up to two years. The annual growth rate of adjusted loans to the private sector helps quantify spending and investment levels, providing insight into the health of the underlying economy. These data series are used to assess monetary developments and the effects of monetary policy, as well as to monitor financial stability.
Euro Area
Central Bank Assets
European Central Bank total assets, billions EUR, updates weekly
The European Central Bank balance sheet is a consolidated financial statement that shows the assets and liabilities of the Eurosystem national central banks and the European Central Bank itself. The system’s assets consist primarily of government bonds issued by Euro Area member states, corporate debt, and securitized mortgage debt. Its liabilities are mostly currency in circulation, commercial bank reserves, and collateralized reverse repurchase agreements. The balance sheet is used to influence interest rates – when officials want to stimulate the economy, it expands, and when they wish to tighten financial conditions, it shrinks.
Euro Area
Debt Ratios
Credit to general government, non-financial corporate, and household sectors, % of gross domestic product at market value, updates quarterly
Aggregate debt ratios measure the total borrowing of the general government, non-financial corporate, and household sectors, expressed as a share of gross domestic product. Total debt is followed by investors as a gauge of the vulnerability of an economy to financial shocks. An overly fast pace of debt growth is also frequently associated with a buildup of unproductive investment and excessively high asset valuations.
Euro Area
Net International Investment Position
Net International Investment Position, billions USD, updates quarterly
The net international investment position is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a nation. A nation with a positive position is a creditor nation and is generally considered a safe haven in financial markets. A nation with a negative position is a debtor nation, with deeper balance of payments vulnerabilities.
Euro Area
Currency Reserves
Official reserve assets, foreign currency reserves (in convertible foreign currencies), billions USD, updates monthly
Currency reserves are external holdings that are freely usable for settlement of international transactions, and are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in currency markets to affect exchange rates, and for other related purposes. Developed markets with widely used, freely tradeable international currencies typically provide reserve assets rather than engaging in reserve accumulation.
Latest Analysis
Latest Analysis
RBA: any more easing left?
30 September, 2025
As widely anticipated, particularly after last week’s hotter monthly Australian CPI figures, the RBA kept the cash rate at 3.6% at today’s meeting. The Board’s decision was unanimous, and there was little...
US government shutdown looming
28 September, 2025
• Risk uptick. US equities ended a 3-day losing streak on Friday. USD eased back. AUD & NZD tick up. No change expected by RBA this week.• US shutdown. US politics in focus with another shutdown looming....
US Consumer Demand Holds Up, Supporting The Dollar's Rate Premium
26 September, 2025
The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure climbed as expected in August and personal income and spending numbers beat forecasts, making it more difficult to justify an aggressive course of rate...
Dollar Advances As Easing Expectations Pull Back
25 September, 2025
The dollar is trading near a two-week high this morning as traders pull back on overly-optimistic monetary easing expectations and adjust positions amid heavy quarter-end rebalancing. The Canadian dollar,...
Inflation & the RBA
24 September, 2025
• Market swings. US equities dipped again, while US yields & USD rose. NZD remains on backfoot. AUD unwound yesterday’s CPI induced gains.• AU CPI. Inflation hotter than expected in August. Data...
FX Momentum Dies As Fed Officials Outline Dual-Sided Risks
24 September, 2025
After most Federal Reserve officials—with the notable exception of Stephen Miran—sounded a consistently-cautious and incrementally-hawkish tone in appearances during the early part of the week, the US...
Steady as she goes
23 September, 2025
• FX consolidation. In contrast to the dip in US equities & yields the USD tread water. AUD near ~$0.66. Fed Chair Powell notes the “challenging situation”.• AU CPI. Monthly CPI indicator...
Fedspeak Deluge Keeps Markets Guessing
23 September, 2025
The dollar is treading water against its major peers, Treasury yields are drifting lower, and equity futures are pointing to modest gains at the open as investors parse mixed signals emanating from Federal...
Dollar Edges Lower Ahead of Heavy Fedspeak Week
22 September, 2025
Last week’s modest recovery in the dollar is showing signs of exhaustion this morning as investors brace for a week dominated by speeches from Federal Reserve officials. Benchmark ten-year Treasury yields...
Hold the line
21 September, 2025
• Holding on. Quiet end to last week. US equities at record levels. US yields & USD tick up. AUD eased back further. AUD’s first weekly fall in a month.• Event Radar. Global PMIs due (Tues)....