China
China
Real Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product, constant prices, annual % change, SA, updates monthly
Real Gross Domestic Product measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced in the economy. It comprises private consumption and investment, inventory buildup, government spending and net exports. Markets watch this indicator to gauge the strength and composition of growth.
China
Activity Indicators
Retail Sales, Industrial Production, Fixed Asset Investment, annual % change, updates monthly
Assesses fluctuations in Chinese economic activity using three indicators: Retail Sales measures consumer spending on retail goods and services, Industrial Production captures gross value added from large industrial firms, and Fixed Asset Investment quantifies capital spending on real estate development, construction, and machinery and equipment by state-owned enterprises, private businesses, institutions and individuals. Note: Due to distortions introduced during the annual Lunar Week holiday, the National Bureau of Statistics combines January and February values.
China
Price Indices
All Items Consumer Price Index and Producer Price Index, annual % change, NSA, updates monthly
Measure of the change over time in the Consumer Price Index, which quantifies the average prices paid by urban and rural consumers for a market basket of goods and services, and the Producer Price Index, which calculates the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers. As the most widely used measures of inflation, changes in these indices are closely followed by policymakers, financial markets, businesses, and consumers to understand price pressures in China, and in the global economy.
China
Trade Balance
Merchandise Trade Balance by region, 12-month rolling sum, balance of payments basis, billions USD, SA, updates monthly
Measures the difference in value between imported and exported merchandise over the reported period, calculated as a 12-month rolling sum. A positive number indicates that more merchandise was exported than imported – generating a trade surplus – and a negative number indicates a deficit. Trade imbalances may reflect fleeting differences in growth rates or more permanent factors in the composition of growth or the endowment and price of natural resources.
China
Policy Rate
Loan Prime Rate, %
The Loan Prime Rate is the lending rate provided by Chinese commercial banks to their most creditworthy customers, and serves as the benchmark for most other loans. Although the Loan Prime Rate is derived from quotes submitted by a group of designated banks, it is believed the People’s Bank of China directly guides the process to achieve desired monetary policy outcomes.
China
Money Supply Growth
M2 Money Supply, annual % change, SA, updates monthly
A measure of currency that includes cash, checking deposits, and non-cash assets that can easily be converted into cash. Markets don’t typically respond directly to changes in M2, but growth in the money supply can influence inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates over longer time horizons.
China
Debt Ratios
Credit to General Government, Non-Financial Corporate (Market Value), and Household Sectors, % of gross domestic product, government at nominal value, others at market value, updates quarterly
Aggregate Debt Ratios measure the total borrowing of the general government, non-financial corporate, and household sectors, expressed as a share of gross domestic product. Total debt is followed by investors as a gauge of the vulnerability of an economy to financial shocks. An overly fast pace of debt growth is also frequently associated with a buildup of unproductive investment and excessively high asset valuations.
China
Net International Investment Position
Credit to General Government, Non-Financial Corporate, and Household Sectors, % of gross domestic product at market value, updates annually
The Net International Investment Position is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a nation. A nation with a positive position is a creditor nation and is generally considered a safe haven in financial markets. A nation with a negative position is a debtor nation, with deeper balance of payments vulnerabilities.
China
Currency Reserves
Official Reserve Assets, Foreign Currency Reserves (in convertible foreign currencies), billions USD, updates monthly
Currency Reserves show external holdings that are freely usable for settlement of international transactions, and are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in currency markets to affect exchange rates, and for other related purposes. Developed markets with widely used, freely tradeable international currencies typically provide reserve assets rather than engaging in reserve accumulation.
Latest Analysis
Latest Analysis
US economic worries & the USD
06 August, 2025
• Upbeat tone. US equities have rebounded over recent days, while bond yields & the USD lost ground. AUD & NZD have edged a little higher.• US macro. A run of weak US data has boosted Fed rate...
Dollar Tumbles After US Job Creation Collapses
01 August, 2025
The dollar is plunging after the US labour market hit a wall last month, reinforcing market expectations for at least two rate cuts from the Federal Reserve in the back half of the year. According to data...
US jobs report in focus
31 July, 2025
• Mixed markets. Equities slipped back & USD ticked up overnight. AUD & NZD remain on the backfoot. JPY weaker after some BoJ comments.• US data. US jobs report out tonight. There has been a tendency...
US Inflation Accelerates, Spending Growth Slows
31 July, 2025
The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure exhibited signs of acceleration last month even as personal spending growth slowed, providing more evidence of a “stagflation-lite” situation in the US...
USD jolt
30 July, 2025
• USD strength. Positive USD data & a patient Fed has supported the USD. This has weighed on other currencies like the AUD & NZD.• AU CPI. Q2 inflation softer than predicted. This reinforced expectations...
Fed Keeps Rates On Hold Even As Consensus Breaks Down
30 July, 2025
The Federal Reserve downgraded its assessment of the economy even as it held interest rates steady for a fifth straight meeting, and stopped short of executing the sort of communications pivot that might...
Bank of Canada Holds Rates, Telegraphs Readiness to Cut
30 July, 2025
After a series of rate cuts, the Bank of Canada decided to leave interest rates unchanged for a third consecutive time this morning, but signalled a willingness to cut rates again if inflation stabilises...
US Economy Rebounds, But Underlying Indicators Point to Slowdown Ahead
30 July, 2025
The world’s biggest economy staged a snappish recovery in the second quarter as tariff front-running effects were unwound, but signs of moderating growth were clearly visible, suggesting that momentum...
Currency Traders Turn Cautious As Event Risks Multiply
29 July, 2025
The US dollar is gaining as investors turn more cautious ahead of a raft of important economic data releases and central bank decisions through the remainder of the week. In a pattern familiar to aficionados...
Dollar Climbs On Trade Deal With EU, Traders Brace For Havoc Ahead
28 July, 2025
The dollar is outperforming all of its major counterparts after the US reached a trade deal with the European Union, reducing uncertainties facing businesses and investors on both sides of the pond. Treasury...