China
Real Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product, constant prices, annual % change, SA, updates monthly
Real Gross Domestic Product measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced in the economy. It comprises private consumption and investment, inventory buildup, government spending and net exports. Markets watch this indicator to gauge the strength and composition of growth.
China
Activity Indicators
Retail Sales, Industrial Production, Fixed Asset Investment, annual % change, updates monthly
Assesses fluctuations in Chinese economic activity using three indicators: Retail Sales measures consumer spending on retail goods and services, Industrial Production captures gross value added from large industrial firms, and Fixed Asset Investment quantifies capital spending on real estate development, construction, and machinery and equipment by state-owned enterprises, private businesses, institutions and individuals. Note: Due to distortions introduced during the annual Lunar Week holiday, the National Bureau of Statistics combines January and February values.
China
Price Indices
All Items Consumer Price Index and Producer Price Index, annual % change, NSA, updates monthly
Measure of the change over time in the Consumer Price Index, which quantifies the average prices paid by urban and rural consumers for a market basket of goods and services, and the Producer Price Index, which calculates the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers. As the most widely used measures of inflation, changes in these indices are closely followed by policymakers, financial markets, businesses, and consumers to understand price pressures in China, and in the global economy.
China
Trade Balance
Merchandise Trade Balance by region, 12-month rolling sum, balance of payments basis, billions USD, SA, updates monthly
Measures the difference in value between imported and exported merchandise over the reported period, calculated as a 12-month rolling sum. A positive number indicates that more merchandise was exported than imported – generating a trade surplus – and a negative number indicates a deficit. Trade imbalances may reflect fleeting differences in growth rates or more permanent factors in the composition of growth or the endowment and price of natural resources.
China
Policy Rate
Loan Prime Rate, %
The Loan Prime Rate is the lending rate provided by Chinese commercial banks to their most creditworthy customers, and serves as the benchmark for most other loans. Although the Loan Prime Rate is derived from quotes submitted by a group of designated banks, it is believed the People’s Bank of China directly guides the process to achieve desired monetary policy outcomes.
China
Money Supply Growth
M2 Money Supply, annual % change, SA, updates monthly
A measure of currency that includes cash, checking deposits, and non-cash assets that can easily be converted into cash. Markets don’t typically respond directly to changes in M2, but growth in the money supply can influence inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates over longer time horizons.
China
Debt Ratios
Credit to General Government, Non-Financial Corporate (Market Value), and Household Sectors, % of gross domestic product, government at nominal value, others at market value, updates quarterly
Aggregate Debt Ratios measure the total borrowing of the general government, non-financial corporate, and household sectors, expressed as a share of gross domestic product. Total debt is followed by investors as a gauge of the vulnerability of an economy to financial shocks. An overly fast pace of debt growth is also frequently associated with a buildup of unproductive investment and excessively high asset valuations.
China
Net International Investment Position
Credit to General Government, Non-Financial Corporate, and Household Sectors, % of gross domestic product at market value, updates annually
The Net International Investment Position is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a nation. A nation with a positive position is a creditor nation and is generally considered a safe haven in financial markets. A nation with a negative position is a debtor nation, with deeper balance of payments vulnerabilities.
China
Currency Reserves
Official Reserve Assets, Foreign Currency Reserves (in convertible foreign currencies), billions USD, updates monthly
Currency Reserves show external holdings that are freely usable for settlement of international transactions, and are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in currency markets to affect exchange rates, and for other related purposes. Developed markets with widely used, freely tradeable international currencies typically provide reserve assets rather than engaging in reserve accumulation.
Latest Analysis
Optimism reigns across financial markets, weighing on the dollar
16 April, 2026
Good morning. Financial markets are in an ebullient mood as investors bet the US and Iran will reach a peace deal in the coming weeks, allowing the Strait of Hormuz to reopen and relieving the supply shock...
Hopes & dreams
14 April, 2026
• Positive vibes. Markets hopeful another round of US/Iran talks yield positive results. Oil lower, equities higher. USD weaker. AUD at multi-week high.• Macro pulse. IMF downgraded global outlook. Australian...
Diplomacy hopes drive dollar lower
14 April, 2026
Good morning. Financial markets are rallying on hopes for a renewal of diplomatic engagement in the Middle East, with some media outlets reporting that US and Iranian negotiating teams could return to...
Iran whiplash forces markets into retreat
13 April, 2026
Hopes for a swift resolution to the war in the Middle East were shattered over the weekend when US-Iran peace talks collapsed and President Trump announced plans to blockade the Strait of Hormuz. Tehran...
One step forward, two steps back
12 April, 2026
• US/Iran conflict. Weekend talks ended without an agreement. Energy prices jumped this morning. USD firmer. AUD & NZD lose ground.• Macro risks. US threatens to blockade the Strait of Hormuz. Downside...
Markets edge higher as inflation surge matches estimates
10 April, 2026
Headline consumer price growth jumped by the most since June 2022 in the United States last month while measures of underlying pressure remained tame, underscoring the challenge facing the Federal Reserve...
Ceasefire optimism fades, leaving markets in retracement mode
09 April, 2026
Markets are giving back some of yesterday’s gains as doubts mount over Tuesday’s US-Iran ceasefire agreement, with Israel pressing its assault on targets in Lebanon, Tehran showing no sign of easing its...
Fragile ceasefire
08 April, 2026
• Holding up. Markets held onto yesterday’s gains stemming from the US/Iran ceasefire news. However there wasn’t much additional follow through in FX.• AUD & NZD. AUD near top of its ~2-week...
Iran relief rally punishes dollar
08 April, 2026
A tentative relief rally is unfolding across global markets after the US and Iran agreed to a two-week ceasefire, with yields falling, equities climbing, and the dollar tumbling against its major rivals...
Let's make a deal
07 April, 2026
• US/Iran ceasefire. News of a ceasefire has boosted risk sentiment. Equity futures higher, oil lower, USD weaker. AUD & NZD at multi-week highs.• Lingering issues. Developments are a positive. But...